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· Therapy. A physical or occupational therapist can teach you stretching
and strengthening exercises and show you how to use devices to make it easier
to perform daily tasks.
Physical therapy along
with the use of a mobility aid, when necessary, can also help manage leg
weakness and other gait problems often associated with MS.
·
Muscle relaxants. You may experience
painful or uncontrollable muscle stiffness or spasms, particularly in your
legs. Muscle relaxants such as baclofen (Lioresal, Gablofen), tizanidine
(Zanaflex) and cyclobenzaprine may help. Onabotulinumtoxin A treatment is
another option in those with spasticity.
·
Medications to reduce
fatigue. Amantadine (Gocovri, Osmolex), modafinil (Provigil) and
methylphenidate (Ritalin) have been used to reduce MS-related
fatigue. However, a recent study did not find amantadine, modafinil or
methylphenidate to be superior to a placebo in improving MS-related
fatigue and caused more frequent adverse events. Some drugs used to treat
depression, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may be
recommended.
·
Medication to increase
walking speed. Dalfampridine (Ampyra) may help to slightly increase
walking speed in some people. Possible side effects are urinary tract
infections, vertigo, insomnia and headaches. People with a history of seizures
or kidney dysfunction should not take this medication.
·
Other medications. Medications also
may be prescribed for depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, and
bladder or bowel control problems that are associated with MS.
To
help relieve the signs and symptoms of MS,
try to:
·
Get plenty of rest. Look at your sleep
habits to make sure you're getting the best possible sleep. To make sure you're
getting enough sleep, you may need to be evaluated — and possibly treated — for
sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea.
·
Exercise. If you have mild
to moderate MS,
regular exercise can help improve your strength, muscle tone, balance and
coordination. Swimming or other water exercises are good options if you have
intolerance to heat. Other types of mild to moderate exercise recommended for
people with MS include
walking, stretching, low-impact aerobics, stationary bicycling, yoga and tai
chi.
·
Cool down. MS symptoms
may worsen when the body temperature rises in some people with MS.
Avoiding exposure to heat and using devices such as cooling scarves or vests
can be helpful.
·
Eat a balanced diet. Since there is
little evidence to support a particular diet, experts recommend a generally
healthy diet. Some research suggests that vitamin D may have potential benefit
for people with MS.
·
Relieve stress. Stress may trigger
or worsen your signs and symptoms. Yoga, tai chi, massage, meditation or deep
breathing may help.
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